Answer:
2 - It created a universal patriotism for all Europeans.
Explanation:
The term is used to describe the sentiment and attitude that members of a nation have when forming a national identity. In the 19th century, this idea take form in several movements in Europe, such as the Germanism, Pan Slavism, and the Revanchism. Each of these movements attempts to unite their people based on the idea of representativity, and cultural or language proximity.
