Cynthia hates writing term papers and reports, so when she receives an assignment to write a paper for her law class, she calls her friend Stephanie and agrees to pay Stephanie to write the paper for her. Stephanie, instead of writing the paper, copies a paper from a small, remote law journal that publishes faculty-written papers from throughout the world online. When the plagiarism is discovered, an infringement claim is brought. Cynthia is guilty of_______________.