f(x) + k will shift the graph up k units.
For example, the notation f(x) + 5 will shift the curve up by 5
If k is negative, then the curve shifts down that amount
-------------------------
f(x-h) shifts the graph to the right h units
Example: f(x-2) shifts to the right 2 units
Another example: f(x+7) shifts left 7 units. In this case, h = -7
--------------------------
y = -f(x) is a reflection over the x axis
This is because we're multiplying each y coordinate by -1
A point like (1,2) reflects to (1,-2)
