​All of the following statements about bureaucracies is correct, except:
a.
In a bureaucracy, power to act resides in the person rather than in the position.
b.
​Bureaucracies usually entail standard operating procedures.
c.
​Bureaucracies are organized with a structured hierarchy.
d.
​Bureaucracies normally have a merit system in which people are hired and promoted on the basis of demonstrated skills and achievements.
e.
A bureaucracy is a large, complex administrative organization.